# Ideal Independent Sources

1) Ideal Independent Voltage Sources
An ideal independent voltage source is a two-terminal circuit element where the voltage across it
a) is independent of the current through it
b) can be specified independently of any other variable in a circuit.
There are two symbols for ideal independent voltage source in circuit theory:

Symbol for Constant Independent Voltage Source

# Problem 1-15: Power of Independent Sources

Determine the power of each source.
a)

b)

Solution
a) The current source keeps the current of the loop $2A$ and the voltage source keeps the voltage across the current source $3v$ as shown below.

# Problem 1-14: Current of A Voltage Source

Find the current passing through the voltage source:
a)

b)

Solution
a) The voltage source is in series with the current source. Since by definition a current source keeps the current passing through itself constant and the voltage source is in series with the current source, it should have the same current $10 A$ .
Determine the power of $R_1, R_2$ and $Vs_1$ . (Hint: there is no need to use nodal analysis; voltages between nodes can be easily found by the voltage sources.)
$V_{R_1}= Vs_1 = 10v \rightarrow P_{R_1}=\frac{V_{R_1}^2}{R_1}=50 W$